BIRTH OF A NATION -
A JOURNEY WITHIN THE MAKING OF AMERICA
Traces écrites THE BIRTH OF A NATION
1) Coming to the New World : The British colonization of America
It all started with the arrival of Christopher Columbus in 1492 in the Americas, who started the European colonization of the Americas. North America was not yet called The United States of America, it will be years later.
The British colonization of America began in 1607 in Jamestown, Virginia. This first settlement was looking for gold and crops.
In 1620, the reasons to colonize America were different. Aboard the Mayflower, the British colons called The Pilgrims were fleeing England , and they were seeking freedom from religious persecution. They wanted to create « a city upon a hill ». They settled at Plymouth, New England.
2) Religious Freedom
Indeed, in 1534, England broke away from the Church of Rome and formed its own church : the Church of England. The King, Henry 8, became the supreme head of the church, erasing the Pope ‘s power.
The Pilgrims were Puritans. Puritans wanted a stricter and purer way to worship their faith. They wanted to purify the Church from within. The Pilgrims were an extremist portion of the Puritans, who wanted a complete separation with the Church of England. Yet, at this time, it was illegal to be outside the Church of England. Therefore they were persecuted and had to flee.
3) On the way to the Revolution : The Boston tea party, an iconic event of American history
From 1607 to 1732, thirteen English colonies were established in North America. Yet, tensions between the Mother country and the colonies were growing. A series of protests took place within the years with the British colons rejecting England’s authority in general and their discontent became bigger in regards to taxes. They famously proclaimed « no taxation without representation » rejecting any tax if they have no seat at the English Parliament. In 1773, some Bostonians dressed as Native Americans threw tea in the Boston harbour to show their discontent over the Tea Act. This event was called the Boston Tea party. The English Parliament’s response was severe and passed the coercive acts , a series of punishing measures against the colonies. This led to the American Revolutionnary war.
On July 4, 1776, the thirteen colonies declared their independence from England. And the colonies became the United States of America.
Seance 3 Tuesday On the road to Independence from the Mother country
FIND OUT MORE About the Boston tea party here:
FIND OUT MORE About the Boston tea party here:
VIDEO #1/ BTP
CLICK HEREVIDEO#2 TEA ACT
C.O: WATCH THE VIDEO 4 TIMES
1. The first 3 times without the subtitles, and the last one with the subtitles.
2. Then, ANSWER THESE QUESTION ON THE SHEET HANDED IN CLASS
Declaration of Independence
1. The first 3 times without the subtitles, and the last one with the subtitles.
2. Then, ANSWER THESE QUESTION ON THE SHEET HANDED IN CLASS
Introduction
When armed conflict between bands of American colonists and British soldiers began in April 1775, the Americans were ostensibly fighting only for their rights as subjects of the British crown. By the following summer, with the Revolutionary War in full swing, the movement for independence from Britain had grown, and delegates of the Continental Congress were faced with a vote on the issue. In mid-June 1776, a five-man committee including Thomas Jefferson, John Adams and Benjamin Franklin was tasked with drafting a formal statement of the colonies’ intentions. The Congress formally adopted the Declaration of Independence–written largely by Jefferson–in Philadelphia on July 4, a date now celebrated as the birth of American independence.
Before the Declaration of Independence
Even after the initial battles in the Revolutionary War broke out, few colonists desired complete independence from Great Britain, and those who did–like John Adams– were considered radical. Things changed over the course of the next year, however, as Britain attempted to crush the rebels with all the force of its great army. In his message to Parliament in October 1775, King George III railed against the rebellious colonies and ordered the enlargement of the royal army and navy. News of his words reached America in January 1776, strengthening the radicals’ cause and leading many conservatives to abandon their hopes of reconciliation. That same month, the recent British immigrant Thomas Paine published “Common Sense,” in which he argued that independence was a “natural right” and the only possible course for the colonies; the pamphlet sold more than 150,000 copies in its first few weeks in publication.
Jefferson Drafts the Declaration of the Independence
As Jefferson drafted it, the Declaration of Independence was divided into five sections, including an introduction, a preamble, a body (divided into two sections) and a conclusion. In general terms, the introduction effectively stated that seeking independence from Britain had become “necessary” for the colonies. While the body of the document outlined a
list of grievances against the British crown, the preamble includes its most famous passage: “We hold these truths to be self-evident; that all men are created equal; that they are endowed by their Creator with certain inalienable rights; that among these are life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness; that to secure these rights, governments are instituted among
men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed.”
Seance 2 bis MONDAY 26th MARCH - Puritans
https://www.history.com/topics/puritanism
click here
QUESTION: COULD YOU EXPLAIN THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE PILGRIMS AND THE PURITANS?
seance 2 The First Colonies
input
North America was discovered by Amerigo Vespucci in 1493 F
The first real English colony was established in Virginia in 1607 T
New England was founded by the Pilgrims T
Focus on form
This painting was painted (paint) by William Halsall
These trousers were made ( make) in China
VOIX PASSIVE:
AUX BE + BV - EN
- La voix passive se forme à partir de l'auxiliaire BE.
L'auxiliaire BE joue le rôle d'un marqueur temporel, c'est à dire qu'il indique le temps de l'action, qui relie l'action ( le verbe) à une temporalité. L'auxiliaire BE peut par conséquent être conjugué au présent, préterit, Présent perfect, Past perfect, present continuous, et à l'expression du futur. Il s'accorde également en nombre ( pluriel /singulier) avec le sujet grammatical.
2. À cela, s'ajoute le verbe ou base verbale qui décrit l'action.
Ce dernier est TOUJOURS présenté comme un PARTICIPE PASSÉ ( 3eme colonne des verbes irréguliers (symboliser par EN, régulier en ED)
POURQUOI UTILISER LA VOIX PASSIVE?
sachez que l'anglais utilise cette forme beaucoup plus qu'en français, d'où l'importance de l'utiliser.
Nous retiendrons 2 usages pour l'instant.
1. CHOIX STYLISTIQUES:
a) mise en valeur à droite.
Lorsque l'agent est précisé ( celui qui fait l'action)
Ex: This painting was made by Pollock.
agent introduit par préposition "by" mis en valeur. ( en anglais en général, tout élément à droite est mis en valeur. )
on aurait très bien pu dire "Pollock made this painting" , mais stylistiquement, Pollock n'aurait pas autant été mis en valeur.
b) mise en valeur à gauche
lorsque l'agent est omis. C'est alors le sujet grammatical( celui qui subit l'action, l'objet) qui est mis en valeur en début de phrase à gauche.
The pen was broken by Aymen. L'agent n'est pas mentionné, toute la lumière est mise sur ce stylo, qui est cassé. c'est l'objet qui nous intéresse et non la personne qui a fait cette action.
2. Le Sujet actif pose "problème"
a) donc on préfère l'ometre car on ne connait pas qui a fait cette action.
The house was set in fire. le truant est inconnu
He was killed. le meurtrier est inconnu.
b) il ne nous interresse pas
The table was dressed. la table était mise ( par une femme bien sur, mais tellement évident on ne rend même pas à César ce qui est à César). Ici on retrouve une opération stylistique.
c) le passif correspond souvent ( pas toujours, souvent) à la traduction du pronom indéfinis "on" français.
On parle anglais ici!!!Non mais. English is spoken here.
On conduit à droite dans ce pays. Vehicles are right-hand drived here.
3. Complete this tab and learn the dates.
Dates
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Events
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1492
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1607
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1620
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4. Read the article MAYFLOWER. be ready to explain what was the mayflower and the Mayflower compact and Plymouth Colony and the First Thanksgiving
MAYFLOWER article
VIDEO
VIDEO
https://www.history.com/topics/puritanism/videos/mayflower-myths
3/18/2018 The Mayflower - Facts & Summary - HISTORY.com
https://www.history.com/topics/mayflower/print 1/3
The Mayflower
Introduction
In September 1620, a merchant ship called the Mayflower set sail from Plymouth, a port on
the southern coast of England. Typically, the Mayflower’s cargo was wine and dry goods, but on this trip the ship carried passengers: 102 of them, all hoping to start a new life on the
other side of the Atlantic. Nearly 40 of these passengers were Protestant Separatists–they
called themselves “Saints”–who hoped to establish a new church in the New World. Today,
we often refer to the colonists who crossed the Atlantic on the Mayflower as “Pilgrims.”
Contents
Pilgrims Before the Mayflower
The Mayflower
The Mayflower Compact
Plymouth Colony and the First Thanksgiving
Pilgrims Before the Mayflower
In 1608, a congregation of disgruntled English Protestants from the village of Scrooby,
Nottinghamshire, left England and moved to Leyden, a town in Holland. These “Separatists”
did not want to pledge allegiance to the Church of England, which they believed was nearly
as corrupt and idolatrous as the Catholic Church it had replaced, any longer. (They were not
the same as the Puritans, who had many of the same objections to the English church but
wanted to reform it from within.) The Separatists hoped that in Holland, they would be free
to worship as they liked
Did You Know?
The Separatists who founded the Plymouth Colony referred to themselves as “Saints,” not
“Pilgrims.” The use of the word “Pilgrim” to describe this group did not become common
until the colony’s bicentennial.
In fact, the Separatists (they called themselves “Saints”) did find religious freedom in
Holland, but they also found a secular life that was more difficult to navigate than they’d
anticipated. For one thing, Dutch craft guilds excluded the migrants, so they were relegated
to menial, low-paying jobs. Even worse was Holland’s easygoing, cosmopolitan atmosphere, which proved alarmingly seductive to some of the Saints’ children. (These young people were “drawn away,” Separatist leader William Bradford wrote, “by evill [sic] example into extravagance and dangerous courses.”) For the strict, devout Separatists, this was the last straw. They decided to move again, this time to a place without government interference or worldly distraction: the “New World” across the Atlantic Ocean.
The Mayflower
First, the Separatists returned to London to get organized. A prominent merchant agreed to
advance the money for their journey. The Virginia Company gave them permission to
establish a settlement, or “plantation,” on the East Coast between 38 and 41 degrees north
latitude (roughly between the Chesapeake Bay and the mouth of the Hudson River). And
the King of England gave them permission to leave the Church of England, “provided they
carried themselves peaceably.”
In August 1620, a group of about 40 Saints joined a much larger group of (comparatively)
secular colonists–“Strangers,” to the Saints–and set sail from England on two merchant
ships: the Mayflower and the Speedwell. The Speedwell began to leak almost immediately,
however, and the ships headed back to port. The travelers squeezed themselves and their
belongings onto the Mayflower and set sail once again. Because of the delay caused by the leaky Speedwell, the Mayflower had to cross the Atlantic at the height of storm season. As a result, the journey was horribly unpleasant. Many of the passengers were so seasick they could scarcely get up, and the waves were so rough that one “Stranger” was swept overboard and drowned. (It was “the just hand of God upon him,” Bradford wrote later, for the young sailor had been “a proud and very profane yonge man.”)
The Mayflower Compact
After two miserable months at sea, the ship finally reached the New World. There, the
Mayflower’s passengers found an abandoned Indian village and not much else. They also
found that they were in the wrong place: Cape Cod was located at 42 degrees north latitude,
well north of the Virginia Company’s territory. Technically, the Mayflower colonists had no
right to be there at all. In order to establish themselves as a legitimate colony (“Plymouth,”
named after the English port from which they had departed) under these dubious
circumstances, 41 of the Saints and Strangers drafted and signed a document they called
the Mayflower Compact. This Compact promised to create a “civil Body Politick” governed
by elected officials and “just and equal laws.” It also swore allegiance to the English king.
Plymouth Colony and the First Thanksgiving
The colonists spent the first winter, which only 53 passengers and half the crew survived,
living onboard the Mayflower. (The Mayflower sailed back to England in April 1621.) Once
they moved ashore, the colonists faced even more challenges. During their first winter in
America, more than half of the Plymouth colonists died from malnutrition, disease and
exposure to the harsh New England weather. In fact, without the help of the area’s native
people, it is likely that none of the colonists would have survived. An English-speaking
Pawtuxet named Samoset helped the colonists form an alliance with the local Wampanoags, who taught them how to hunt local animals, gather shellfish and grow corn, beans and squash. At the end of the next summer, the Plymouth colonists celebrated their first successful harvest with a three-day festival of thanksgiving. We still commemorate this
feast today.
Eventually, the Plymouth colonists were absorbed into the Puritan Massachusetts Bay
Colony. Still, the Mayflower Saints and their descendants remained convinced that they
alone had been specially chosen by God to act as a beacon for Christians around the world.
“As one small candle may light a thousand,” Bradford wrote, “so the light here kindled hath
shone to many, yea in some sort to our whole nation.”
- what is the MAYFLOWER?
- what is the "NEW WORLD"??
- why the passengers were travelling to the New World?
- what is the Mayflower compact?
The name "Virginia" may have been suggested then by Raleigh or Elizabeth, perhaps noting her status as the "Virgin Queen," and may also be related to a native phrase, "Wingandacoa," or name, "Wingina."
5. learn the voc
nouns
colony colonie
settlement colonie village
ship/ boat bateau, navire
wargalley (une galère (un bateau)
worship pratiquer sa religion, adorer, ,vénérer
goods des vivres
wine vin
crop/harvest récolte
faith foi
freedom liberté
hardship épreuve
pilgrim pélerin
riot émeute
settler colon
sin péché
shore rive, littoral
Verbs
board a ship embarquer
flee fuir
elope ɪˈləʊp/( mon mot préféré) prendre la fuite, s'enfuir pour se marier
grow cultiver ( veut aussi dire grandir)
hunt chasser
improve améliorer
persecute persécuter
rebel/revolt se révolter
sail naviguer
settle: s'installer, s'établir
to sin pécher ( pas des poissons) fauter
SEANCE 1
Warm up
Where Have You Been?
I've been everywhere, man
Looking for someone
Someone who can please me
Love me all night long
Looking for someone
Someone who can please me
Love me all night long
I've been everywhere, man
Looking for you babe
Looking for you babe
Searching for you babe
Where have you been?
'Cause I never see you out
Are you hiding from me, yeah?
Somewhere in the crowd
'Cause I never see you out
Are you hiding from me, yeah?
Somewhere in the crowd
Where have you been?
All my life, all my life
Where have you been, all my life?
Where have you been, all my life?
Where have you been, all my life?
Where have you been, all my life?
All my life, all my life
Where have you been, all my life?
Where have you been, all my life?
Where have you been, all my life?
Where have you been, all my life?
Johnny Cash
John R. Cash (1932 –2003) was an American singer-songwriter, guitarist, actor, and author. He is one of the best-selling music artists of all time, having sold more than 90 million records worldwide. Although primarily remembered as a country music icon, his genre-spanning songs and sound embraced rock and roll, rockabilly, blues, folk, and gospel.
Cash was known for his deep, calm bass-baritone voice; the distinctive sound of his Tennessee Three backing band, which is characterized by train-sound guitar rhythms; a rebelliousness coupled with an increasingly somber and humble demeanor; free prison concerts; and a trademark, all-black stage wardrobe, which earned him the nickname "The Man in Black." He traditionally began his concerts by simply introducing himself, "Hello, I'm Johnny Cash," followed by his signature song "Folsom Prison Blues".
Much of Cash's music contained themes of sorrow, moral tribulation, and redemption, especially in the later stages of his career.
Input
nput
Decide if the following statements are true or false?
America was called after the Italian explorer Amerigo Vespucci who discovered this new country T/F
America was first discovered by Amerigo Vespucci in 1497 T/F
More recently, evidence has appeared showing that, in fact, it was the Chinese Admiral Cheng Ho who discovered America in 1421 T/F
Prior to 1492, no one inhabited the Americas T/F
In 1534, under the reign of HENRI VII , The Church of England separated from The Church of Rome T/F
The strip of land along the eastern seacoast was settled primarily by English colonists in the 17th century T/F
PRESENT PERFECT VS. SIMPLE PAST
You must use the Present perfect when the time of an action is not important or not specified.
You must use the Simple past when details about the time or place that an action occured are given or requested. COMPARE :
You must use the Simple past when details about the time or place that an action occured are given or requested. COMPARE :
Present perfect
|
Simple past
|
I have lived in Lyon.
|
I lived in Lyon in 1989.
|
They have eaten Thai food.
|
They ate Thai food last night.
|
Have you seen 'Othello'?.
|
Where did you see 'Othello'?
|
We have been to Ireland.
|
When did you go to Ireland?
|
There is also a difference in attitude between the two tenses, which is often an important factor in choosing which tense to use.
- "What did you do at school today?" I use the simple past tense because the question is about activities, and the school day is considered finished.
- "What have you done at school today?" I use the present perfect because the question is about results : « show me ». The time at which the question is asked is considered as a continuation of the school day.
Focus on form present perfect
Can you tell the difference between these two sentences?
Sentence one: I saw the movie.
Sentence two: I have seen the movie.
THE NEW WORLD
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